Vascular calcification is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus which affects more than 9% of the American population. Together, our results suggest that GSK3β inhibition reduces vascular calcification in diabetic arteries through a similar mechanism to that in Mgp −/− mice. We also find that the alterations in β-catenin and SMAD1 by GSK3β inhibition in the aortic endothelium of diabetic Ins2 Akita/wt mice are similar to Mgp −/− mice. Cell lineage tracing reveals that GSK3β inhibition redirects endothelial cell (EC)-derived osteoblast-like cells back to endothelial lineage in the diabetic endothelium of Ins2 Akita/wt mice. Here, we report that GSK3β inhibition reduces vascular calcification in diabetic Ins2 Akita/wt mice. In our previous study, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibition induces β-catenin and reduces mothers against DPP homolog 1 (SMAD1) to direct osteoblast-like cells toward endothelial lineage, thereby reducing vascular calcification in Matrix Gla Protein (Mgp) deficiency. The help screens in InStat explain how to use each test.Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) drives the endothelium to contribute to vascular calcification in diabetes mellitus. It presents results in plain English, with little statistical jargon. InStat doesn't assume you're a statistician. The extensive help screens will provide clear explanations of statistical reasoning in plain English. InStat will help you choose the right test by asking you questions about your data. You don't need to know the name or number of the test you need. In just a few minutes, you'll be able to master the program. InStat takes you through statistical analyses and helps you to conquer the learning curve. InStat is a simple way to learn statistics. InStat makes it easy for even the most novice statistician to analyze data in a matter of minutes. InStat was designed by scientists for scientists. GraphPad InStat offers a different approach. These programs are feature-rich and powerful, but they can overwhelm scientists with dense manuals, obscure statistical terminology, and high prices. Statistics programs are often designed by statisticians for statisticians.
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